Fedex Operation Mangement

The organization’s name and main line of business: FEDEX Corporations – Logistics 2. Specific type of operation: Air and Ground Delivery Specializing in Next Day Delivery 3. Describe the nature of operations process given your newfound understanding of operation management and productivity: a. Service and product design: i. Supply Chain management ii. Next Day Delivery Services b. Quality management – Customer oriented business â€Å"People First Philosophy† c.Process and capacity – use of available technologies (web based tracking system) to enable customers real time access to information related to their packages to increase customer satisfaction; task employees to think of innovation as part of their day to day job d. Location – sites located locally and globally (over 220 countries) e. Layout and design – operated and owed independently f. Job Design : based on parcel shipping through ground and air, e-commerce and business servic es g.Supply Chain Management: h. Inventory Management: use improved – technology function to meet its goals i. Scheduling: 24 hour shipping operation globally 4. Maintenance: Owns and operates and maintains over 90K ground vehicles; 663 aircrafts in more than 375 airports 5. Global Strategy of the Organization FEDEX is the embodiment of operation management. The company started out as shipping company in 1971 to a multibillion dollar corporation with current revenue of $42. 7 billion in the current fiscal year.Originally FEDEX started with freight delivery through ground and air which expanded to four divisions FEDEX Express, Ground, Freight, and Services. FEDEX success in today’s business due to their diligence in addressing Basic Management Functions – planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling as well as addressing the ten critical decisions associated with a very successful business. FEDEX CEO and founder Mr. Fred Smith planning his organization from fledgling company offering delivery of small packages and documents to approximately 25 cities in the United States.His efficient ideas of outlining delivery service in the computer information age was outstanding not only did his idea went to fruition became FEDEX blue print for success. He organized his corporation by having locally owned company can concentrated on specific needs of that area through FEDEX business practice not only minimize staffing overhead, it also gave the independent companies the flexibility they need without losing control of core principles is a great example of successful and triumphant Corporation in the modern era.FEDEX address their ten critical decision areas by incorporating it through their mission, strategies and values. Their customer centric mission â€Å"People First Philosophy† embodies their service and product design. Their process and capacity is addressed again through customer satisfaction by utilizing modern technology such as the internet to give real time in-transit information on their packages and tasking the employees to think of innovative ways to operate as part of their day to day job is a great example of empowerment to improve the work place resulting in efficient ways to operate.Independently owned and operated sites are another way to save money in lower overhead cost. This also allows the site to concentrate on the particular requirements of the customers in that area. FEDEX is in the forefront of a successful business because of how they employ and use operation management techniques and addressing the ten critical decision areas through their mission, strategies and values that centers on employees and customers.

Carbene Addition Lab

Synthesis of 7, 7- dichloronorcarane in Carbon Addition Reaction CHM 337 | Dr. Pettit Abstract: A solution of cyclohexene, aqueous sodium hydroxide, and benzyltriethylammonium was used to synthesize 7,7 – dichloronorcarane by the following reaction: + CHCl3 + OH – H2O + + Cl – After completion of the experiment, the percent recovery was calculated to be 46. 21% Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to form 7,7-dichloronorcarane by means of carbene trapping.Cyclohexene, aqueous sodium hydroxide, and benzyltriethylammonium chloride were used to synthesize 7,7 – dichloronorcarane by the following reaction: + CHCl3 + OH- H2O + + Cl- In order to carry out this reaction in reasonable time, a two phase reaction was used, avoiding the lengthy requirements to carry out the experiment as a single phase reaction, as well as the risk of undesirable products due to the presence of water. The components of the two stage reaction were as follows: An organic pha se containing the alkene and CHCl2; and an aqueous phase containing the base OH –.Since the reactants, CHCl2 and OH – would separate into different phases, benzyltriethylammonium chloride was added as a phase-transfer catalyst. Because the benzyltriethylammonium chloride has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, it could cross the phase boundary and facilitated the transport of the hydroxide ion from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. Expected spectral changes in IR and 13C-NMR Procedure To begin, 0. 324g of cyclohexene was mixed with 1 ml of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide, 1ml of chloroform and 0. 040g of the phase transfer catalyst benzyltriethylammonium chloride.The reaction was stirred and heated at 40 degrees Celsius for an hour before extracting the 7,7 dichloronorcarane through 2 methyl chloride extraction processes (1ml methylene chloride). The product was then air dried until no more liquid would evaporate, and weighed giving a percent recovery of 43 %. The substance was then used to conduct an IR and 13C-NMR spectra test giving the results. Results and Calculations Calculating moles of cyclohexene (81g cyclohexene/1ml) * (0. 40ml cyclohexene) = 0. 324g cyclohexene 0. 324g cyclohexene*(1mol cyclohexene/82. g cyclohexene) = 3. 95 * 10^-3 mol cyclohexene Calculating moles of chloroform 1. 49g/ml chloroform * 1ml of chloroform = 1. 49g of chloroform 1. 49g of chloroform * (1mol of chloroform/119. 4g chloroform)= 1. 25 * 10^-2 moles chloroform. Calculating moles of benzyltriethylammonium chloride (1. 08g benzyltriethylammonium chloride/ml) * 0. 040ml of benzyltriethylammonium chloride = 0. 0432 grams benzyltriethylammonium chloride * 1mol/227.8g benzyltriethylammonium chloride = 1. 896 * 10^-4 moles benzyltriethylammonium chloride Finding the limiting reagent CHCl3 +OH- H2O + Cl- (balanced as is with catalyst in rxn) 3. 95 * 10^-3 mol cyclohexene 1. 25 * 10^-2 moles chloroform 0. 058 moles of sodium hydroxide * Cyclohexane has the l owest amount on reactant side and is the limiting reagent. Amount of 7,7 dichloronorcarane= 3. 95*10^-3 moles * 165. 06g 7,7dichloronorcarane/mol= 0. 652g 7,7 dichloronorcarane theoretical yield Experimental yield of dichloronorcarane= test tube with – test tube without (27. 159grams – 26. 890grams)= 0. 269grams dichloronorcarane Percent recovery (Actual mass yield/ theoretical mass yield) * 100%= percent recovery (0. 69grams/0. 652grams) *100%= 41. 26% yield recovery Formation of 7,7 dichloronorcarane + CHCl3 + OH- H2O + Cl – Discussion and Conclusions Discussion Topics and Questions a. Compare IR and 13C-NMR spectra of cyclohexene and 7,7-dichloronorcarane and point out changes in IR vibrational frequencies and 13C-NMR resonances that support the formation of 7,7-dicholoronorcarane. Be sure to identify the C-H stretch of the cyclopropane ring hydrogens. b. Why did you need to stir the mixture vigorously during the reaction?Since the reactants are in different phases, stirring vigorously allowed the catalyst to transfer a hydroxide ion from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, allowing the reaction to proceed as desired. c. Why did you wash the organic phase with saturated sodium chloride solution? The saturated sodium chloride was important for the removal of water. If the water was not removed from solution, it could react and create undesirable reactions, such as those described in Pavia: (4) (5) d. Describe two chemical tests and the visual results that would indicate whether cyclohexene is present or absent.Bromine in methylene chloride – If the addition of bromide (red liquid) results in a colorless solution, cyclohexene is present. Potassium Permanganate (Baeyer test) – This reaction depends on the color change from purple MnO4- ion into a brown precipitate of MnO2 e. Draw the structures of the products that you would expect from the reactions of cis and trans-2-butene. Be sure to comment on the stereochemistry of the products (enantiomers and meso forms). f. Provide a mechanism for the formation of the following products of a carbine addition reaction

Cochlear Implants And Its Effects - 1350 Words

Cochlear implants are a electronic device that gives people with sever hearing loss the ability to hear. This device gives them ability to do something no other device could offer. It allows someone to be part of two worlds, deaf and hearing. So many people think its wrong and that your changing your child, that you should except them for who he/she is. I don’t see it that way, if you have a child wouldn’t you want the best for them? Want them to have the best things? Have a good life, better then the one you had? By giving my child the cochlear implant I am doing that for them, giving them the best of the best of technology that will benefit them so much and give them such a great life. Since have it implanted at a young age, they still have the ability to learn languages, so as they grow up they will practice signing and speaking so they can use both through out there life. The cochlear implant is a incredible device that all started out in the 1950s, when Lundberg performed one of the first recorded attempts to simulate the auditory nerve with a sinusoidal current during a neurosurgical operation(MAJOR BREAKTHROUGHS! (n.d.). Retrieved April 25, 2015, from http://biomed.brown.edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2001_Groups/Cochlear_Implants/history.html ). After the operation his patient was able to hear noise. This device as been changing peoples lives for a long time, with time it has improved. there are other things in this world that changed people lives, that benefits them, soShow MoreRelatedBilateral And Unilateral Cochlear Implants On Speech Perception1560 Words   |  7 Pagesunilateral cochlear implantation are popular mode of assistance to those with severe to profound hearing impairments. The research on the effects of bilateral and unilateral cochlear implants continues to grow. However, the effect of bilateral cochlear implants versus unilateral coc hlear implants on speech perception has been researched under limited criteria, such as in the presence of quiet only. There is minimal current research regarding the effects of bilateral and unilateral cochlear implantsRead MoreCochlear Implants And Other Communication Disorders974 Words   |  4 Pages I first learned about cochlear implants in my special education class. My initial thought was that they were a beneficial advancement in technology and in the medical field for those who were deaf or hard of hearing. In my field experience, I observed a sixth grade teacher at Donnell Middle School. In her class, I observed two students who had cochlear implants and an interpreter who was in front of the classroom signing what the teacher was saying. I thought that was really neat to see and experienceRead MoreA Study On Cochlear Implants1448 Words   |  6 PagesA Cochlear Implant is an electronic device that partially restores hearing in people who have severe hearing loss due t o damage of the inner ear and who receive limited benefit from hearing aids (http://www.cochlear.com/wps/wcm/connect/au/home/understand/hearing-and-hl/hl-treatments/cochlear-implant). In some cases there are patients whose hearing did not adjust correctly, having a risk of developing a virus, complications after the surgery, the benefits of sign language without a cochlear implantRead MoreOral And Non Developmental Patterns1605 Words   |  7 Pages What is the evidence for cochlear implantation affecting speech sound productions in pre-lingually deafened children? CD 732: Speech Sound Disorders in Children December 1, 2014 Heather Friedman Peer Reviewer 1: Arielle Russell Peer Reviewer 2: Ayelet Kershenbaum ABSTRACTS Flipsen Jr, P., Parker, R. G. (2008). Phonological patterns in the conversational speech of children with cochlear implants. Journal of Communication Disorders, 41(4), 337-357. Purpose:Read MoreAre Cochlear Implants Necessary?1294 Words   |  6 Pageshave enforced the young and informed the parents to avoid getting implants because the community embraces deaf culture and frowns upon medical aid. However the hearing world highly over populates the deaf communities making most deaf children feel out of place compared to the other children. The deaf culture has struggled over the years by conflict to maintain its total population due to the medical breakthrough of cochlear implants. In 1950, by Lundberg the â€Å"Powerhouse Museum† stated that LundbergRead MoreThe Problem Of Deaf Culture1434 Words   |  6 Pagesmore than a disability. This is erroneous because defining what deaf really means, means looking past the definition and looking into the heart of a deaf person, to see equality among us all. Equality among humans isn t controversial, but what is? Cochlear Implantation is controversial. Inserting an internal disruption of the deaf culture is controversial. Placing an electronic device in your children s ears because you want them to talk like a normal child is controversial. After having a very rigorousRead MoreCochlear Implants : An Electronic Device1365 Words   |  6 PagesCochlear implants are an electronic device that gives people with a sever hearing loss, the ability to hear. This device gives th em ability to do something no other device could offer. It allows someone to be part of two worlds, deaf and hearing. So many people think its wrong and that you re changing your child, that you should accept them for who he/she is. I don’t see it that way, if you have a child wouldn’t you want the best for them? Want them to have the best things? Have a good life, betterRead MoreCochlear Implants : The Deaf Or The Hearing?1331 Words   |  6 PagesCochlear Implants Who really needs cochlear implants, the deaf or the hearing? Do these implants actually fix someone who isn’t ill? When you are no longer consider deaf, but are not hearing either you are essentially isolated. So why go through with a painful procedure that fixes nothing but the amount of work the hearing have to do to communicate? What exactly is a cochlear implant? A cochlear implant is a device that is surgically implanted into the head.. What the cochlear implant does is itRead MoreCochlear Macro Environment Factor1419 Words   |  6 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 ABSTRACT Among the globalization SMEs has generated, Cochlear ltds successful business direction need to be reformed. This essay outline and estimate Australia born global companies that entitled Cochlear study on marketing strategy according to macro-environment. Through four macro-environmental factors, it can be illustrated how it distinguishes from other markets based on Cochlear ltd’s global marketing mix. Firstly, are the economic aspect presented in the reportRead MoreBest of H+: Cochlear Implants and the Deaf Culture: A Transhumanist Perspective by Shaikat Hossain757 Words   |  3 Pages The article â€Å"Best of H+: Cochlear Implants and the Deaf culture: A Transhumanist Perspective† by Shaikat Hossain, is a doctoral student in the cognition and neuroscience at the University of Texas, discusses the social issues of cochlear implants. In the article Hossain aims to enlighten the readers with the â€Å"ethical, social and philosophical issues†(Hos. 1) concerning the Deaf community and the people who supports cochlear implants. The author that wrote the article is mainly targeting readers

The One Thing to Do for Essay Topics Ethan Frome

The One Thing to Do for Essay Topics Ethan Frome In any case, Mattie is far more compassionate than Zeena. He has the capability to do this with the aid of Mattie, Zeena's cousin. Although Ethan isn't of noble blood and is quite poor, he's still viewed as a hero. Ethan and Mattie also speak about Zeena and the simple fact that she's dissatisfied with Mattie's abilities to do the household chores. The following morning, the narrator is ready to come back to his lodgings at Mrs Hale's. Zeena realizes the prospective affair that they may have. On the flip side, I think that his love for Mattie can also be thought of as a thing that makes him feel as a prisoner. Zeena's sickness represents a huge constraint for everybody. In any case, Zeena is a pessimist while Mattie ever attempts to trust for the very best. The remainder of the evening Ethan and Mattie spend the evening conversing with one another, well content in one another's company. A lot of people believe that there's something referred to as fate. Nevertheless, the true situation doesn't leave much to look forward. The truth of his situation proceeds to torment him. This is only one of several times in the novel once the climate is utilised to indicate foreboding events. By considering the color references, this critic began to observe things that might not have been too obvious the very first read. He gathers bits of the tale from assorted sources about town. Gatsby's story occurs in the years leading to the stock exchange crash. Compare them again at the close of the story. It's at this point in the movie when there's a flashback sequence that lasts for a lot of the rest of the film. The majority of the novel takes place in years past from the standpoint of an unnamed narrator. On the flip side, throughout the story we meet a good deal of symbols which help to reinforce the plot development. By comparison, the imagery associated with Mattie is related to summer and all-natural life. Life consists of dualities. Quotes are permissible so long as you make citation. None of these individuals are extremely very good at expressing themselves. However, there's no love between them. The solution is by way of symbolism. For quite a few, the response to this question is no. What Does Essay Topics Ethan Frome Mean? OR Explore different methods by which setting is employed within this novel. While the home is ugly, it's also lacking a distinctive, architecture quality that preludes to foreshadowing. The environment of the home is also present from the start of the story. If this is the case, you have the possiblity to converse with them about some substantial literary themes, like the use of social pressures in an individual life, the disposition of illness and disability, and the way that people are impacted by seasons and other facets of their settings. Your paper ought to be seven pages long. Completely free Ethan Frome essay samples can be found FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. While the totally free essays may give you inspiration for writing, they can't be used `as is' because they won't satisfy your assignment's requirements. The Downside Risk of Essay Topics Ethan Frome Let us have a look at a few of them. Mattie asks Ethan to take them down on another ride, yet this time she wants him to steer them in the huge elm tree at the base of the hill. Ethan promises her that he'll take her sledding one day, an activity that they'll never forget for the remainder of their lives. The very first ride farther down the hill is exhilarating. The clock over the dresser struck eleven. On their very first ride farther down the hill, they narrowly forget a tree. She holds up a lamp to light their way to the home and up the staircase.

Manager as a Leader - 733 Words

MANAGER AS A LEADER Dena M White Walden University BUSI 1002-1 March 8, 2015 Craig Jelineks personality Craig Jelinek has been with Costco team since 1984, and he has done various jobs in those years. He is dedicated to Costco and what the company represents. He became the President of Costco in 2012. If something works don’t change it as in the $1.50 Costco hot dog deal. He worked with the previous President Jim Sinegal and learned about business management from him. Jelinek’s knows Costco culture and what has worked with its employees and customers. He helps his employees to grow and succeed. He is dedicated to better benefits and salaries for his employees, but also has the same commitment to the customers. Terminal†¦show more content†¦Costco’s culture is about its employees and customers. Costco wants their employees to enjoy coming to work, and that is from the warehouse floor staff to executive positions. Sinegal and Jelineks role creating and maintaining Costco’s organizational culture. Jim Sinegal and Craig Jelinek has played a big role in creating and maintaining Costco’s organizational culture. While competitors lost customers, Costco’s sales have grown 39 percent in 2009. For a company to be able to do, this must have a good leadership team that starts with the President. Jim Sinegal and Craig Jelinek, both believe that it is important to visit their various stores and visit with employees. They treat their employees well with the belief that if the work environment is a happy one, it will result in a profits for the company. The specific values that will be evident in the way that you will manage and why. Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. This is something that is crucial to me. Everyone wants to feel that their opinion is taken into consideration. Employees want to be respected. The way I manage will also be seen in my communication with my staff. I want to know about them and what are the barriers to their day. I want my staff to feel they can come to me on any issue that they feel is important. The reason I feel stronger about these things is that is wasn’t so long ago that I wasShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of A Leader And Manager899 Words   |  4 Pagesa tremendous leader and manager, he did not micromanage, he put players and peers first, and made you excited to come to work. This coach is very similar to Ben Morelli. The second coach I worked for micromanaged people, constantly barked out orders, and put himself in front of others. He was very similar to Phil Jones. All companies want that perfect mix between a goo d manager and leader. However, that is often hard to find. When it comes down to it, a manager who is a good leader will be more effectiveRead MoreEssay on Leaders and Managers1080 Words   |  5 PagesLeaders and Managers A former advertising campaign for a beer company established the slogan, Tastes great, less filling. The light beer was not only tasty, but it also didn’t fill you up, combining two good qualities into one product. Like the beer, you also need to demonstrate multiple abilities. To be successful in today’s industry, a combination of both leadership and management skills is required. Just like the beer that claimed to be both tasty and less filling, you need to be ableRead MoreCharacteristics of Managers and Leaders1568 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Characteristics of Managers and Leaders: The concepts of leadership and management are viewed differently by different people though managers and leaders are important in management. Some people view these terms as synonyms and use them interchangeably in sentences and phrases while others consider them to be extreme opposites. Actually, people who consider the terms as quite different argue that its nearly impossible to be a good leader and a good manager at the same time. Nonetheless, thereRead MoreCharacteristics of Managers and Leaders1362 Words   |  6 Pagesbusiness structure, and the make the organisation successful they need a combination of experienced and skilled people; Managers and Leaders are some of the key people to make an organization successful. Some managers are leaders and some leaders are managers but essentially the characteristics of a manager and leader are very different (Benson 2003). There are managers and leaders in every profession, they both need to build their experience and gain the knowled ge and skills to help them effectivelyRead MoreLeadership Of A Leader And A Manager1302 Words   |  6 Pagesthe educational leaders play the role of manager in early childhood setting and the managers perform the duties of educational leader. The following essay will discuss the role of the leaders, which is different from the managers in early childhood settings. There will be discussion on the different skills and dispositions required to perform the role of a leader and a manager. There are different models and theories, which influence the way of working of the leaders and managers. First, the essayRead MoreEssay on Managers and Leaders1423 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough people. Leader inquires and manager inform about the organization so without leadership an organization can’t gain the goals. Although an organization may have products and services but without leadership those are value less. Manager is a person who planning, organizing, controlling, and leading. Manage r is the monitor of the organization. Leadership is a powerful behavior of a manager. It is essential to achieve goals of the organization. Introduction Leaders and managers the lexis’s areRead MoreEssay on Leaders and Managers982 Words   |  4 PagesLeaders and Managers Leaders and managers are two individual roles with multiple intertwining definitions. In order to be a leader, one must have followers, however; does not everyone under management, follow the managers orders? Therefore, the question arises, are managers leaders? If so, what constitutes as leadership? Obviously, in order to obtain these roles, one must have influence over their subordinates, but does the level of influence fluctuate between a manager’s role and a leaders roleRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Leader Or Manager919 Words   |  4 PagesBecoming a leader or a manager is the utmost ambition for many people in the business and management sector nowadays. At times, it can be quite challenging therefore there are many essential qualities that a leader or manager need. Management is the attainment of organisational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organising, leading and controlling the organisational resources (Daft and Marcic, 8th Edition). L eadership on the other hand is the ability to inspire confidenceRead MoreNotes On Managers And Leaders1365 Words   |  6 Pages MANAGERS AND LEADERS Management Principle group Assignment Instructor:- Divya Judge Students:- Deepak chhetri(15002432) Irwan Wijaya(15005749) Erdenetsogt Gantulga (1500798) Sharanbir Kaur (201412996) Table of Content: INTRODUCTION TO MANAGERS AND LEADERS -Manager -Leadership DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGER AND LEADER SIMILARITIES BETWEEN MANAGER AND LEADER LEADER( MAHATMA GANDHI) -Gandhi’sRead MoreLeadership As A Leader And A Manager850 Words   |  4 PagesThe leader innovates where a manager directs; a manager sustains what has already been created. Leadership is not what you do-it’s what others do in response to you, retaining control over people by aiding in the development their own abilities and bringing out their talents (Jaynes, 2015). Mangers have underlings while Leaders have followers; leaders do not have underlings. To lead is to have follower, following is a chosen pursuit. There can and are superior and terrible leaders, and there can

Economic Constraints and Tragedy of Afghan - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Economic Constraints and Tragedy of Afghan. Answer: Brief overview of the trade history of the chosen countries Spain can be considered to be the fourth largest economy in the Eurozone which has a GDP of 1.1 trillion (Vives, Jaime and Vicens). The economy of the aforementioned country grew by 3.2 percent which is the only witnessed positive annual growth rate since the year 2007. Spain is the 17th largest export economies of the world. As recorded in the year 2016 Spains import were calculated to be 299 billion dollars. The net worth of the exports of the country was calculated to be 275 billion dollars. The top exports of Spain include Vehicle parts, Refined Petroleum, Delivery Trucks and Cars. According to the Harmonized System of classification its top imports were Petroleum Gas, Crude petroleum and packaged medicaments. Afghanistans Economy has improved significantly in the past decade due to investment of billions of dollars by international assistants and expatriates of Afghanistan. The nation has witnessed political stability and reliability after the fall of the Taliban Regime (Ge, Ying, et al). It is due to this that the country has received more financial assistance from its investors and expatriates. The GDP of the nation is 64.8 billion dollars with an exchange rate of 18.4 billion dollars. The countrys main export partners are Tajikistan, India and Pakistan. While its chief import partners are China, India, United States and Turkmenistan. The export items of the country include Afghan Rugs, wool, gemstone, hides and fruits. While its top import items include machinery, textiles, petroleum, food and capital goods. Social, political and economic overview of the chosen nations Social and political overview of Spain: Spain is a constitutional monarchy which stands on a parliamentary democracy. Political Power in Spain is decentralised. Due to this the communities have a legislative fiscal and executive autonomy which facilitates trade. It can be said that after hitting six years of recession period Spain started recovering in the latter half of 2013. It can be stated that the socio political events that have taken place in Spain have had serious consequences on its economy and trade. The financial crisis faced by Spain in the year 2008 was viewed as a consequence of the decision of the Prime minister of Spain to bring forward the general election which was supposed to happen in March 2012 but was brought forward to November 2011. It can be stated that the financial and economic crisis faced by Spain exposed weakness in the Spanish society and Economy. Economic overview Spain: The economy of Spain strengthened remarkably by the year 2016. It can also be mentioned that Spain experienced a growth rate of3% of the Gross Domestic Product (Cohn and Theodore). The economic growth experienced by Spain was supported by deflation, job creation, lowering of oil prices, fall in the value of Euro, reforms related to implementation of policies and increased domestic demand. Growth rate of the Spanish economy exceeded 3.2% of the expectation in the year 2016. It can be said that the unemployment rate in Spain has fallen but it still remains quite high compared to other European nations. The greatest source of income for the nation still remains to be Tourism as Spain is the third most popular tourist destination after France and the United States. The tertiary sector of tourism employs 75% of the population in Spain and contributes to two thirds of the Gross Domestic product. Agriculture contributes to 2.5% of the GDP of Spain. Social and Political Overview of Afghanistan: The country Afghanistan has witnessed slow economic recovery since the fall of the Taliban regime. Afghanistan has always witnessed political instability which has had an adverse impact on the society and trade. The primary reason for the slow economic recovery is the political insecurity which adversely affects the consumer and investment demand. Economic Overview of Afghanistan: It can be said that poverty rate has increased in Afghanistan since the international troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan in the year 2011 (Berdal, Mats). It has also resulted in decline of economic growth. Afghanistan has faced numerous political challenges due to the increased insurgency. The World Bank has initiated a programmatic approach to provide financial support to Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework. Orography of the nations The Meseta Central is a plateau located at the heat of peninsula of Spain. The plateau is rimmed by mountain ranges which slope to the west gently. The Sismeta Central act as the dorsal spine of the Meseta Central dividing into two northern and Southern regions (Gutirrez, Francisco, and Mateo Gutirrez). The mountains of Sismeta Central which extend westward to Portugal exhibit glacial features. However the aforementioned mountain ranges do not create any barriers for transportation and allows railroad and road transportation to the northeast regions and northwest regions. It can be mentioned that the mountain ranges bordering Meseta Central are Cordillera, Cantbrica and Sistema Ibrico. Pyrenees mountain range lie to the northeast of Meseta Central and Sistema Penibtico lie to the south east of Meseta Central. The country Afghanistan is a landlocked country which is located between south and Central Asia. The Hindu Kush mountain ranges run from northeast to south west of the country and divide the same into three major regions. They are: Central Highlands, South-western plateau and the northern plains (Doebrich, Jeff). It can be said that the Hindu Kush mountain range is the tallest mountain range in Afghanistan. The highest point in the Hindu Kush mountain range is Noshak which has an elevation of 7492 metres. Important passes include Khyber Pass that connects Pakistan and Afghanistan, Slanag and Kushan passes andUnai Pass. The Wakham Corridor which lies to the northeast of the nation is located between the Hindu Kush and Pamir mountains. The Wakham Corridor leads to the Wakhjir Pass. Infrastructure of Trade of the chosen nations Trade Infrastructure of Spain: Road: Spain has a network of motorway and dual carriage way of fourteen thousand kilometres. The network of roads in Spain has been constantly renovated to enhance trade. It can be said that the infrastructure of Spain is well equipped and well developed to handle international business demand (Bensassi, Sami, et al). It can be said Spain has established good transportation links to all the main cities. Maritime and Air: There are over 53 sea ports and more than 47 airports in Spain. Therefore maritime and air trade is given equal preference as land trade. Rail The capital of Spain has good train connectivity to all the major cities of Spain. It can be said that Spain currently has the network of 15000 kilometres of high speed rail transportation service (Bertomu-Snchez, Salvador, and Estache). Private enterprises have been created after the liberalization of the freight sector, which aim to transport goods by railway. Madrid and Barcelona are considered to be the major transportation hubs of the country. Infrastructure of Afghanistan It is to be mentioned that Afghanistan has achieved some improvements in Infrastructure since the year 2002 due to the investments made by the foreign investors and expatriates. However, there are still some gaps which need to be filled to improve the overall infrastructure of the country. Some of the main constraints acting as hindrances to trade are: poor transport connectivity, incomplete regulatory reforms and trade policy, human skill constraints, political instability and security conflicts and lack of funding for maintenance of existing infrastructure (Hussain, Ishrat, and Muhammad Athar Ilahi) Road Afghanistan mainly conducts trade by land routes which pass through other countries like Russia and Pakistan due to lack of proper infrastructure. It can also be stated that since. It has to depend on a sovereign country for its cargo to reach international shipping markets. Air Infrastructure of Afghanistan remains constrained to this date. India and Afghanistan have jointly formed an air corridor to carry on Air trade and by pass the Pakistan Trade route. Maritime Countries that do not have direct access to sea coasts and maritime trade face many challenges in realizing the potential gains of the nation. Since Afghanistan is a land locked country it faces a major disadvantage while trading with other countries as it cannot engage in direct maritime trade. However, India and Afghanistan have entered in a port agreement in order to develop the strategic port, Chabahar in Iran. The aim of the agreement is to build a transport-trade corridor between three countries. Export and Import Value of the Chosen Nations The total value of goods and commodities exported by Spain was calculated to be 281,777 million U.S. Dollars. The Total value of the goods and commodities imported to Spain was calculated to be 302,529 million U.S Dollars as recorded in the year 2016 (wits.worldbank.org 2015). It can be said that Spain had imported 4516 products to 230 countries while it imported 4566 products from 228 countries. The top five items exported by Spain included Automobiles with diesel engines, Automobiles with reciprocating piston engine, petroleum oils and medicaments of mixed and unmixed products. The primary items that Spain imported were petroleum oils, motor vehicle parts, crude petroleum, medicaments and Automobiles with diesel engines. Afghanistan is the 104th largest export economy among all the countries of the world. As estimated in 2016 Afghanistan had exported goods and commodities worth 482 million dollars and imported goods and commodities worth 3.77 billion dollars which resulted in a negative trade balance of 3.299 billion dollars. The primary items exported by Afghanistan are Vegetable Saps, tropical fruits, Carpets that are knotted and Grapes. However its top imports include inedible fats, petroleum gas, ornamental trimmings and wheat flours (wits.worldbank.org 2015). Trade routes of the chosen countries As mentioned before Spain has well developed trade infrastructure. It has an elaborate network of roadways which connects all the cities of Spain which are well maintained (Viravan, Amnuay). The country also has many important seaports and airports which help facilitate trade. The important sea ports that handle the most annual traffic of ocean freight are: the seaport of Barcelona, the seaport of Valencia, Bilbao Algeciras, Madrid and Zaragoza. It can be mentioned that the seaports are technologically well equipped and capable of handling million of tons of cargo. It can be mentioned that Madrid and Zaragoza are dry ports which serve as the distribution point for gods arriving to Spain by sea routes. The dry port of Madrid has links to the other ports of Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao. Transportation of freight by Airways is also possible as Spain has many international airports. However, transportation of freight by air poses some limitations regarding the volume and weight of the cargo. As stated before Afghanistan faces some limitations while trading with other countries since it mainly has to depend on land routes as it is a land locked country. It can be said that Afghanistan has to depend on Pakistan for moving the freight to other countries (Khan Miankhel, Adil). Pakistan acts a transit route for the goods arriving in and going out of Afghanistan. However due to political unrest and tension between Pakistan and United States, Afghan businessman has suffered huge losses as Pakistan had blocked supply routes. The other trade route passes through Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. This trade route is called the North Distribution Network. This trade route involves road rail and air routes. It can be said that though the transit route through Pakistan is less expensive, the North Distribution Network is far more reliable. The third trade route passes through Iran. It can be said that Iran has been encouraging Afghan business with a view to relocate the international offices to Iran from Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. It is to be stated that India and Iran are developing a highway and rail road systems which will connect the port of Afghanistan. The time frame for import and export Spain, as a developed country is considered as the 17th largest export economy in the world. The process of importing and exporting is generally too long and increases the risk of perishable goods. A Summary Declaration that is filed once the items are presented to the customs officials covers the goods imported and exported from EU (Napshin, Stuart and Brouthers). The goods are usually imported and exported in the firm of shipping. The time taken in the process of import and export are a little lengthy. Such a time frame results in loss if the goods shipped are perishable. Perishable goods are referred to the food products that must be used within a period of short time. On the other hand, Afghanistan is a delivery country that imports goods in 5-8 days with the help of standard shipments. There are certain items that are banned from import to Afghanistan. For exporting items from Afghanistan, transit permission is essential for shipment transiting through Pakistan. Afghanistan exports goods like fruits, nuts, wool and afghan rugs and it imports goods like machinery and other capital goods (Phillips and C). However, the flow of import and export to Afghanistan is a also a time taking process. The Afghan Customs Department collects tariffs on all the imported and goods that are exported from Afghanistan. The time consumption is too much in case of perishable goods. The constraints of the transport The process of import and export takes place with the help of shipping. Other than this, goods are exported and imported by road and flights. Truckloads of goods are exported and imported to other countries by the most popular transport routes. Therefore, in the process of transportation by roads, there are a few hurdles, which they face (Escanciano, Carmen and Santos-Vijande). There are high chances of the trucks to get high jacked. There may be problems or corruption in the custom procedure. When there is a scenario of high-jacking, the company faces tremendous loss as it loses all the goods. Goods imported, exported by cars or trucks is time consuming, and hence it delays the entire procedure of importing and exporting. Road blockage can also be reason for the delayed transportation. Afghanistan being a developing country faces serious safety issues while importing and exporting goods. The goods are transported in flights, ships and by roads. International flights of Afghanistan that are operated by airlines from countries meet the safety standards. Therefore, they face more trouble while transporting the goods. Since there are safety issues, the airplanes or trucks might get high-jacked. The roads not being well constructed also acts as a constraint of transport (Bandeira and Moniz). The customs regulations and procedures in Afghanistan are not consistent. Since, the country is not developed it faces such issues transportation problems. When the goods are shipped, the procedure of export and import is not smooth if there is lack of port personnel. Documentation required for import and export Spain has a documentation procedure for import and export. The official model for written declarations is the Single Administrative document. Spain does not enforce any quota on products that are manufactured in the United States. Import documents are essential. Without licenses, goods will not be allowed to be imported and exported from Spain. Importers have to apply for import licenses at the Register of Spains Secretariat of Commerce at any of the regional offices (Anthony). The license if granted is valid for six months and it can also be extended. It is standardized and not difficult to obtain. Regulations also establish fines for delaying the custom procedure. Therefore, goods that are shipped to Spanish customs area without proper import documentations may result in substantial charges. In Afghanistan, every imported and exported products must submit a declaration of customs and other shipment documentation like the original bill of lading and packing list. The documentation is carried out at the Custom Post in Afghanistan (Gaur, D and Jasmin). The documents that are usually required are the original bill of lading stating the full name and address of the Importer in Afghanistan, declaring the goods in transit to Afghanistan, to show the nominated agents as the Notify Party. The original invoice and the packing list should state the net weight, quantity and dimension of each packet of the goods in transit to Afghanistan. The original proforma invoice must be duly signed and attested by Ministry of Commerce in Afghanistan. Obtaining these documents are easily available. The delivery of the goods generally takes 7-8 days from Afghanistan. Trade Facilitation roadmap Trade facilitation refers to a vast area and activities such as transportation, business efficiency and government regulations and controls. In order to obtain trade facilities all the agencies at the border must be involved. Spain, being the developed country is the fifth largest economy in the European Union and it is still growing in the euro zone. Spain and UK are known as the major trading partners (Wilhelmsson). The World Trade Organization (WTO) is set up as a forum for trade negotiations, setting of rules and resolution of trade disputes with the member countries. Issues are usually discussed in the WTO trade facilities. The basic of objectives of Trade Facilitation Strategy are to reduce the cost of export, to establish a National Single Window for Exports and to reduce the number of days that are needed to reduce. In Afghanistan, the transit transport system can be improved. The safety measures should also be developed in such a developing country. With technological developments, companies must manufacture larger and faster road vehicles for importing and exporting goods with the help of road transit. Infrastructure must be maintained. These trade facilities if improved will result in speedy delivery of goods across the world (Sahai and Laxmi). Safety measures must reduce the chances of high jacking. Port facilities and services should be provided. Transit cargo constitutes a small proportion of cargo throughout in the ports of the developing countries. Port transit must remove the hurdle of industrial strike to make the procedure of import and export smooth. Prioritization of the different areas for improvement Spain is a developed country but it still needs development and improvement. During importing and exporting goods, they must improve the process of communication among the importers and the exporters. The documentation process should be made clear. The ways of importing and exporting the goods should be made faster by developing faster vehicles. The faster the products or goods reach, the happier the customers (Jorge et al.). Spain must strengthen the Union ensuring closer and better ties with other regions that have been marginal to the EC. The Trade facilitation solution must solve the problems of the landlocked countries. The Custom Reform must strengthen the trade facilitation in Afghanistan. The human resource management in the Afghan Customs Department should develop and improve more. Higher sustainable employment must also be developed for better economic growth. Afghanistan is open for international trade and tends to provide more opportunities to the people and grow faster (Bosch, Francesc and Aguado). Afghanistan can receive more benefit from its international trade opportunities than it does at the present. Afghanistans export base is generally narrowed and hence it should be widened. Facilitation Trade agreement draft between poor nation and wealthier nation Developed countries require help to implement the provisions of the members of the World Trade organization who have introduced the Trade Facilitation Agreement. The Trade Facilitation Agreement is a draft made between the poor nation and the wealthier nation. The Facility performs as a focal point for implementation (Thomas and Nguyen). Spain is the wealthier nation here that facilitates the agreement of trade. International organizations are set up to form the facilitation trade agreement. Afghanistan, a developing country is assisted by the Trade facilitation Agreement Facility. It is therefore, treated as a poor nation (Constantine). It evaluates their ability to implement the Trade Facilities Agreement by selecting provisions of the Agreement. The agreement of draft is prepared to protect the nations in the process of exporting and importing goods. Developing countries must take into account the provisions of the Trade Facilitation Agreement because it reduces the total trade costs by 14% approximately for low-income countries. Reference List: "Afghanistan | Trade Summary | 2015 | WITS | Text."Wits.worldbank.org. N.p., 2018. Web. 10 Jan. 2018. "Spain | Trade At A Glance | Most Recent Value | WITS | Text."Wits.worldbank.org. N.p., 2018. Web. 10 Jan. 2018. Amin, Rohullah, Sudhakar Dwivedi, and Pawan Kumar Sharma. "India and Afghanistan: An overview of their economic relations."Agro Economist: An International Journal2.2 (2015): 19. Bandeira, Luiz Alberto Moniz. "USA, Afghanistan, Iraq: Economic Constraints and Tragedy."The Second Cold War. Springer International Publishing, 2017. 105-121. Barone, Anthony.Managing Global Logistics for Business Growth: A guide for small to medium enterprises pursuing the global market Management growth through cross-border trade (export/import). Buoyant Capital, 2016. Bensassi, Sami, et al. "Relationship between logistics infrastructure and trade: Evidence from Spanish regional exports."Transportation research part A: policy and practice72 (2015): 47-61. Berdal, Mats, ed.Political economy of statebuilding: Power after peace. Routledge, 2017. Bernauer, Thomas, and Quynh Nguyen.Environmental Concerns and Individual Trade Policy Preferences in Developing Countries. No. 837. 2015. Bertomu-Snchez, Salvador, and Antonio Estache. "Unbundling political and economic rationality: A non-parametric approach tested on transport infrastructure in Spain."Transport Policy59 (2017): 181-195. Cohn, Theodore.Global political economy. Routledge, 2015. Curiel-Esparza, Jorge, et al. "Prioritization by consensus of enhancements for sustainable mobility in urban areas."Environmental Science Policy55 (2016): 248-257. Doebrich, Jeff. "Natural Resources in Afghanistan: Geographic and Geologic Perspectives on Centuries of Conflict (JF Shroder)." (2015): 1907-1908. Escanciano, Carmen, and Mara Leticia Santos-Vijande. "Reasons and constraints to implementing an ISO 22000 food safety management system: Evidence from Spain."Food Control40 (2014): 50-57. Gaur, Ashutosh D., and Padiya Jasmin. "Ease of Doing Business in India: Challenges Road Ahead."International Conference on Technology and Business Management. 2017. Ge, Ying, et al. "Border trade and regional integration."Review of Development Economics18.2 (2014): 300-312. Gutirrez, Francisco, and Mateo Gutirrez, eds.Landscapes and landforms of Spain. Springer Science Business, 2014. Hussain, Ishrat, and Muhammad Athar Ilahi. "The Future of Afghanistan-Pakistan Trade Relations."Peace Brief(2015). Khan Miankhel, Adil.Channelizing Afghanistan to Pakistan informal trade into formal channels. Vol. 41. Intl Food Policy Res Inst, 2016. Michalopoulos, Constantine. "Developing-Country Trade-Related Institutions and Aid for Trade."Emerging Powers in the WTO. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. 115-136. Napshin, Stuart, and Lance Eliot Brouthers. "Intermediary Products: FDI Strategies, Imports, Exports, and Trade Balances in Developed Economies."Thunderbird International Business Review57.4 (2015): 311-322. Pardo-Bosch, Francesc, and Antonio Aguado. "Sustainability as the key to prioritize investments in public infrastructures."Environmental Impact Assessment Review60 (2016): 40-51. Persson, Maria, and Fredrik Wilhelmsson. "EU trade preferences and export diversification."The World Economy39.1 (2016): 16-53. Phillips, Patricia C. "The Time Frame."A Companion to Public Art(2016): 359-375. Sahai, Paramjit S., and Vijay Laxmi. "Transit and Trade Facilitation across South Asian Corridors: IndiaPakistan Land Connectivity."ECONOMIC CORRIDORS IN SOUTH ASIA(2014): 139. Viravan, Amnuay.Trade routes to sustained economic growth. Springer, 2015. Vives, Jaime Vicens.Economic History of Spain. Princeton University Press, 2015.

Internet Tech Essays - Internet, New Media, Scientific Revolution

Internet Tech The Internet links people together via computer terminals and telephone lines (and in some cases wireless radio connections) in a web of networks and shared software. This allows users to communicate with one another wherever they are in the "net." This Internet link began as the United States military project Agency Network Advanced Research (ARPANET) during the Vietnam War in 1969. It was developed by the United States Department of Defense's (DOD) research people in conjunction with various contractors and universities to investigate the probability of a communication network that could survive a nuclear attack. For the first decade that the Internet was in existence, it was primarily used to facilitate electronic mail, support on line discussion groups, allow access to distant databases, and support the transfer of files between government agencies, companies and universities. Today over 15 million people in the United States and approximately 25 million people worldwide access the Internet regularly, including children. Many parents believe that depriving their children of the opportunity to learn computer skills and access the knowledge available on the Internet would give them a distinct technological disadvantage as they enter the twenty first century. Portelli and Mead state by the year 2002, the reported number of children who access the Internet from home is projected to increase from the current 10 million to 20 million (6). In addition to home access, Poretelli and Meads further stated that as of 1997 the percentage of United States schools that offered Internet access as a part of their regular curriculum was over sixty percent. There were over nine thousand public libraries across America in 1997, sixty percent of these offered on-line access to its users (7). In view of this information, one can concluded that the on-line percentage for both schools and libraries has increased notably since 1997 and the number continues to grow as more of these facilities "plug in and log on." Whether at home, at school, or at the public library, children are accessing the Internet. The word "children" is somewhat ambiguous considering the range of ages that it encompasses. For instance, eighteen is the normally accepted age at which a child reaches legal adulthood; therefore, "children" would refer to any age between birth and seventeen. Porterfield stated that a study conducted in 1997 by Gateway 2000, a leading computer manufacturer, concluded that most children Internet access and computer skills typically commence with their school work. Although in some cases it may be earlier and in some later, the typical age at which a child begins to learn computer skills are kindergarten age, or age five. For example at the Children Television Work Shop website, a young child can click on a query and in a few days an E-mail arrives. For the purpose of this analysis, the broad word"children" will be condensed to contain two age groups -- elementary level, ages' 5-12, and secondary level, ages' 13-18. At either level, the World Wide Web poses clear dangers to children. These children grow up enlightened with technology, which they take for granted and know exactly how to use it. Most parents are not conscious of what lies behind that innocuous screen. If you give one's child carte blanche use of a computer attached to a modem, it is as serious as handing a ten-year-old the car keys and telling them to have a good time. These "cyberchildren" are vulnerable to potential dangers as a result of Internet use. These perils include contact with dangerous individuals, exposure to sexually suggestive materials, exposure to explicit conversations and obscenity in chat rooms, and access to violent interactive games. One very dangerous downside to Internet communication is its potential for the telling of untruths. One can never be certain at any given time to whom one is talking or if the conversation is sincere and truthful. Clothier state that a recent issue of Yahoo! Internet Live reported that almost half of the Internet users they had questioned lied occasionally while on-line and ten percent were untruthful fifty percent of the time (2). Asch state that Gateway Global Research surveyed six hundred families in the spring of 1998. This research revealed that seventeen percent of elementary and middle school children lied about their age, or sex while chatting on-line (E1). This fibbing among peers is not where the danger lies. The real peril exists in those other, older individuals who purposefully lie with the intent to harm. Parents can no longer assume their children are safe because they are at home and the door is locked.